Crude oil biodegradation in the marine environments intechopen. Introduction the biodegradation of petroleum and other hydrocarbons in the environment is a complex process, whos quantitative and qualitative aspects depend on the nature and amount of the oil or hydrocarbons present, the ambient and seasonal environmental conditions, and the composition of the autochthonous microbial community leahy. There is therefore complete compatibility between the bacterial floral and oxobiodegradable degradation pathways. Biodegradation of crude oil and pure hydrocarbons by extreme. Bacterial biodegradation of crude oil using local isolates. Tech 2014, department of chemical engineering, auce a, andhra university, visakhapatnam03. The beaker with the residual diesel oil was allowed to cool to room temperature and weighed to determine the quantity of residual diesel oil by difference. Physical and chemical approaches to cleanup oil spills are too expensive and create adverse effects.
The crude oil used in the experiment was obtained by dissolving crude oil sample in nonaromatic petroleum ether 6090. Seawater contains a range of microorganisms that can partially or completely degrade oil to watersoluble compounds and eventually to carbon dioxide and water deanraymond and bartha, 1975. After two days, 10% of each organic waste ground dry banana skin bs, brewery spent. Biodegradation of used motor oil in soil using organic. The crude oil sample was from xingzhong sinochem oil transport zhoushan co. An experimental study for crude oil biodegradation in. Crude petroleumoil biodegradation eyciency of bacillus. Their abundance and persistence in several polluted environmental areas have beenreported. The crude oil biodegradation in agricultural soil was studied for 12mo to determine the. Biodegradation is the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. The cod of soil leachates was estimated colorimetrically using a hach cod incubator model 45600 and a hach spectrophotometer model dr3000. Many indigenous microorganisms in water and soil are capable of degrading hydrocarbon contaminants.
Biodegradation of crude oil in surface environments results in similar changes in crude oil composition and the loss of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons, together with an increase in the relative abundance of the polar fractions which are more resistant to biodegradation, is a characteristic signature of crudeoil biodegradation. Individual bacterial cultures showed less growth and degradation than. The effect of louisiana crude oil discharge from a pipeline break on a vegetation of a southeast louisiana brackish marsh. The results revealed rapid and high between 79% and 92% biodegradation of the used lubricating oil at the end of 84 days in soil contaminated with 5% oil. The bacteria 22% to 66% were more active than fungi 4% to 46% in hc biodegradation. Potential approaches to improving biodegradation of. Pdf this chapter reports the sources, impacts of oil spills, and tar pollution in the marine environment. Crude oil biodegradation in the marine environments. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 5. For most petroleum releases, natural biodegradation will reduce toxic chemical compounds to nontoxic metabolic byproducts. China, 2 key laboratory of marine chemistry theory and technology, ministry of education, ocean university of china. This article presents an update overview for biodegradation process of some hazardous wastes e. In the microbiological sense, biodegradation means that the decaying of all organic materials is carried out by a huge assortment of life forms comprising mainly bacteria and fungi, and other.
About 5 million oil barrels flowed during 86 d into the sea1. Agricultural soil, bacteria, biodegradation, crude oil, fungi. Five microorganisms, three bacteria and two yeasts, capable of degrading tapis light crude oil were isolated from oilcontaminated soil in bangkok, thailand. Biodegradation of petroleum compound using pseudomonas. Biodegradation of oil in uplifted basins prevented by deep. The mixed flora of the five strains performed well with degrading 75. Biodegradation and phytotoxicity of crude oil hydrocarbons in an. Biodegradation and bioremediation of hydrocarbons in extreme. Biodegradation of used motor oil in soil using organic waste. Enhanced biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in.
Biodegradation of crude oil in subsurface petroleum reservoirs has adversely affected the majority of the worlds oil, making recovery and refining of that oil more costly 1. Biodegradation and bioremediation of hydrocarbons in. Screening of crude oil degradation crude oil degradation ability was screened based on the growth efficiency on 2 % crude oil. Chemical degradation of polymer used in enhanced oil. Biodegradation biodegradation refers to the natural process whereby bacteria or other microorganisms.
Introduction the spilled petroleum constitutes hydrocarbons are one of the main environmental pollutants. Chemical degradation of polymer used in enhanced oil recovery. The calcium alginateactivated carbon embedding carrier was used to. Isolation and characterization of hydrocarbondegrading. As observed in several experiments, even though complete degradation of plastics by microorganisms is not possible. Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. Biodegradation of crude oil in surface environments results in similar changes in crude oil composition and the loss of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons, together with an increase in the relative abundance of the polar fractions which are more resistant to biodegradation, is a characteristic signature of crude oil biodegradation. The bacterial strains such as dp1 and dp1 were used for crude oil degradation. Its the opposite of plastic and styrofoam, which harm the environment.
The meaning of biodegradation is breaking down of organic substances by the help of other living organisms such as bacteria and microbes. Bharathirajan 1department of microbiology, kanchi shri krishna college of arts and science, kilambi, kancheepuram 631 551, tamilnadu, india. The sample achieved a degradation plateau at 45 days. Analysis of the hydrocarbon extracts from the untreated soil at the beginning of the study detected aliphatic compounds c 14 c 22 fig. Aug 15, 2011 the natural background rates of oil biodegradation initially were estimated at 1. Bioremediation has shown a great potential and competitive privilege because of environment friendly and cost effective. Also, to evaluate and compare, model and analyzed the degradation kinetics of diesel oil for natural attenuation, bioventing, and organic wastes effluents enhanced.
All relevant data are within the paper and its supporting information files. Biodegradation occurs when bacteria, fungi, or other organism or biological process chemically dissolves materials. The hc biodegradation potential of oil polluted soil 6% to 66% were higher than of unpolluted one 4% to 53%. Biodegradation of crude oil and pure hydrocarbons by. Biodegradation of petroleum compound using pseudomonas aeruginosa. Concentrations of naturally occurring oil degrading bacteria during this period were 15. Hydrocarbon biodegradation can occur over a wide range of temperature.
Microbial organisms biodegrade oil and dispersants. Individual microorganisms can metabolize only a limited range of hydrocarbon substrates, so assemblages. Five strains of bacteria, namely, exiguobacterium sp. Results of firstorder kinetic model to determine the rate of biodegradation of used lubricating oil revealed that soil amended with bsg recorded the highest rate of oil biodegradation 0. Fosc in selecting and conducting land aerobic biodegradation of oil contaminated wastes from inland oil spills, leakingunplugged oil wells, abandoned oil refinery sites, pipeline ruptures, andor tank failures. Biodegradation of hydrocarbons in soil by microbial. China, 2 key laboratory of marine chemistry theory and technology, ministry of education, ocean university of. Biodegradation of crude oil in sandy sediment jussara p. Addition of dispersants forms smaller oil droplets that. Assessing biodegradation of oil with marine bacteria. Oil biodegradation of subsurface does not require oxygen, it does require certain essential nutrients e. The natural background rates of oil biodegradation initially were estimated at 1. Assessing biodegradation of oil with marine bacteria by monitoring o 2 and co 2 concentrations online in a closed loop introduction in april 2010, the deepwaterhorizon dwh well explosion at the gulf of mexico caused the worst oil spill in the deep sea to date.
The study demonstrated that agricultural lands with low rates of oil contamination allows the growth of plants. The isolated strain was able to grow in minimal broth along with 2. Biodegradation of dispersed oil in natural seawaters from western. Evidence for in situ crude oil biodegradation after the prestige oil spill.
Biodegradation or biological degradation is the phenomenon of biological transformation of organic compounds by living organisms, particularly the microorganisms. Biodegradation is the process by which organic substances are broken down by living organisms 96% of bacteria are aerobic active in the presence of oxygen. Efficiency of biodegradation it is important to understand that the process of biodegradation is not 100% efficient, that is, the degradation of the polymer can rarely reach 100%. Two extreme halophilic haloferax strains and one strain each of halobacterium and halococcus were isolated from a hypersaline coastal area of the arabian gulf on a mineral salt medium with crude oil vapor as a sole source of carbon and energy. When concentration of crude oil increased from 2% to 4% wv, the degradation efficiency of immobilized bacteria only decreased by 1. Biodegradation of natural oils in seawater 21 and schinner, 2001. Capillary gas chromatography was used for testing the effect of those bacterial species on the biodegradation of crude oil. This paper presents an updated overview of petroleum.
Five microorganisms, three bacteria and two yeasts, capable of degrading tapis light crude oil were isolated from oil contaminated soil in bangkok, thailand. Soil enrichment culture was done by inoculating the soil in mineral salt medium with 0. The process can be beneficial or detrimental within the industry depending on the circumstances. Citescore values are based on citation counts in a given year e. Final analysis showed that alkanolamine concentrations were reduced to levels below the det ection limit following treatment, from an initial concentration of 15,000 mgkg. Petroleum remediation program minnesota pollution control. Biodegradation of complex hydrocarbon usually requires the cooperation of more than a single species. Suspended particles increased exposure frequencies of oil to microorganisms and enhanced biodegradation of oil in the water column. The percentage of oil biodegradation in the soil contaminated with 5% and 15% used lubricating oil is shown in figures 1 and 2, respectively. Of these processes, natural biodegradation through metabolism by naturally occurring microorganisms is the primary mechanism responsible for petroleum mass reduction.
Biodegradation steps are known only for a few of the thousands of compounds in oils. While numerous oilhydrocarbon biodegradation studies have been performed with oil in seawater from temperate. The situation is very complex and only extensive research over dozens of years will improve the. Study on the biodegradation of crude oil by free and. Crudeoil biodegradation via methanogenesis in subsurface. Degradation of dispersants and dispersed oil coastal response. Crude oil biodegradation was measured by gas chromatography method.
Biodegradation is natures way of recycling wastes, or breaking down organic matter into nutrients that can be used and reused by other organisms. Pdf bacterial biodegradation of crude oil using local. An experimental study was undertaken to assess the efficiency of pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus subtilis, and acinetobacter lwoffi isolated from petroleum contaminated water and soil samples to degrade crude oil, separately and in a mixed bacterial consortium. For instance, biodegradation via bacteria can aid in the cleanup of oil spills.
Gasoline and diesel oil biodegradation pdf paperity. Oil biodegradation is mainly associated with the dissolved and dispersed fractions of the oil. Biodegradation basically involves the conversion of complex organic molecules to simpler and mostly nontoxic ones. Biodegradation and phytotoxicity of crude oil hydrocarbons. Ass2, were isolated from the zhejiang coast in china.
Bioaugmentation of contaminated cold sites with hydrocarbon degraders has been tested as a bioremediation strategy. Suspended particles enhance biodegradation of oil in sea. Read this article to learn about the biodegradation and bioremediation in details with diagrams. The present study was conducted to determine the biodegradation of petrol by pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from petrol contaminated soil. Degradation means decay, and the bio prefix means that the decay is carried out by a huge assortment of bacteria, fungi, insects, worms, and other organisms that eat dead material and recycle it into new. Biodegradation is natures way of recycling wastes, or breaking down organic matter into nutrients that can be used by other organisms. A biodegradable product can dissolve easily in the environment without destroying nature. Introduction the biodegradation of petroleum and other hydrocarbons in the environment is a complex process, whos quantitative and qualitative aspects depend on the nature and amount of the oil or hydrocarbons present, the ambient and seasonal environmental. Fosc in selecting and conducting land aerobic biodegradation of oilcontaminated wastes from inland oil spills, leakingunplugged oil wells, abandoned oil refinery sites, pipeline ruptures, andor tank failures.
This is particularly true in pollutants that are made up of many different compounds such as crude oil or petroleum and complete mineralization to co 2 and h 2 o is desired. The degradation efficiency of the free and immobilized bacterial consortium reached maximum values of 58. Pdf microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon. Microbial biodegradation is the use of bioremediation and biotransformation methods to harness the naturally occurring ability of microbial xenobiotic metabolism to degrade, transform or accumulate environmental pollutants, including hydrocarbons e. Analytical methods for many of the biodegradation products are also absent or need development. The biodegradation of usedengine oil was studied using consortium 2 following better biodegradation extent in the earlier studies with the dieselpolluted soil. Growth efficiency in crude oil as carbon source in liquid medium inoculum flask containing 50 ml for two. An experimental study for crude oil biodegradation in contaminated soil 1r.
Biodegradation of crude oil by bacterial activitywhich has occurred in the majority of the earths oil reserves 1 is known to reduce greatly the quality of petroleum in reservoirs 2. Biodegradation of crude oil by soil microorganisms in the. The biodegradation pathways of oil compounds are largely unknown. The natural temperature of oil reservoirs reported in literature varies from 10 c in the on average 27 m deep canadian athabasca oil sands harner et al.
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